Bill of Rights Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen...

The Bill of Rights and Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen are based on the same principles of natural rights; therefore each document is similar in protecting the peoples natural rights. However, despite their similarities, their differences are apparent due to the social situations in which they were adopted. The Bill of Rights stood to protect the freedoms of each individual by establishing a democratic government. The French Revolution eliminated the hierarchy of class and established equality among men with the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen. Several influences from past philosophers and documents assisted the frame work of the Bill of Rights and Declaration of Rights and Citizen. Declarations of the Rights†¦show more content†¦Property being an inviolable and sacred right, no one may be deprived of it except when public necessity... The Declarations of Rights of Man and Citizen differ to the Bill of Rights because of the different social and economic institutions. The Bills Of Rights protect citizens through the security of the government. The ten amendments dont directly address the rights of individuals, instead allow the government to enforce them, such as; congress will make no law inflicting rights of speech, press, and religion. These are objectives of the government to keep in tact, not necessary a right upon an individual. However, in the Rights of Man and Citizen it addresses the individual and their equality before the law. In article four it announces that liberty is based on the individual not to harm another. Thus, has no limits but the law will determine the limits. In article one it states, Men are born and remain free and equal in rights.4 The diction in the Declaration gives the impression of the equality among individuals first, than law will follow. It contrasts to the Bill of Rights; which e stablished a government for law, to protect the rights of individuals. In The Declaration addressed the responsibility of individuals and general will to mold the law. The Bill of Rights was ratified together with the Constitution in 1791. The Bill Rights was incorporated with the Constitution to diminish the fear by the Anti-Federalists of a governmentShow MoreRelatedSimilarities and Differences Between English Bill of Rights and the Declaration Rights of Man and Citizen1900 Words   |  8 PagesSimilarities and differences between English bill of rights and the declaration rights of man and citizen Bryan. W Mr. Roberts The English bill of rights and the declaration rights of man and citizen are two of the most influential documents ever written between 1600-1800; those documents greatly affect the rights and freedom that everyone was born with today, it also greatly affects the US constitution about how they govern their country how they think about government. The two documents haveRead MoreThe English Bill Of Rights851 Words   |  4 Pagesinalienable rights is a concept that originated centuries ago and has since been evolving. From the signing of the Magna Carta to present day lobbyist fighting for LGBT communities, we can see how this concept is deeply engraved in daily actions and laws worldwide. However, the way these rights are interrupted and enforced have been the topic of many on going debates. Dating back to the late 1600s, society has continuously drafted new documents advocating for rights and liberties. The English Bill of RightsRead MoreThe Civil War Of Independence967 Words   |  4 Pages 1750 marked a reconstruction era for the world. Also 1750-1850 was heavily focused on people’s rights. Some of the main bills were the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, The Bill of Rights, Haitian Republic Constitution Of 1801, and Olympe de Gouge: Declaration of the Rights of Women. In 1776 was the year the American War of Independence, also known as the American Revolution, started. The American War of Independence was a dispute over land between estate owners and small farmersRead MoreWomen And Women During The French Revolution1413 Words   |  6 Pagesaspects of life. Two documents that represent the rights of men and women are Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen and The Vindication of the Rights of Woman. These two documents are similar in content because they describe how men and women should be treated as equals in society. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen came first, and sparked the interest of reformers all around, leading to The Vindication of the Rights of Woman. These two documents tell us that the FrenchRead MoreJean Jacques Rousseau And The Declaration Of Independence Essay1459 Words   |  6 Pagesthe people should decide how they are governed. Like The Social Contract, the Declaration of Independence is a document that sets out to explain the relationship between a government and its people based on an an understanding of that relationship. The Declaration of Independence was composed by Thomas Jefferson in 1766, and shares many of the same ideals as The Social Contract. The Social Contract and the Declaration of Independence are more similar than different because Jean-Jacques Rousseau influencedRead MoreEssay on DBQ declaration of independence665 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Declaration of Independence In the mist of 1776-1877, did the United States carry out all the goals that were stated in the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution? The Declaration of Independence and Constitution had many different goals and ideas in mind for the United States at the time. The United States partially realized the some of the values stated in the Constitution and Declaration of Independence, but also did accomplish some the goals mentioned in the documentsRead MoreThe Declaration Of The United Nations931 Words   |  4 PagesThe Declarations of 1776, 1789, and 1948 provide key outlines and the base for human rights by showing what is no longer acceptable. The Virginia Declaration of Rights was adopted by the Virginia Constitutional Convention in 1776. It gave inherent rights to men, which included the right to change or abolish weak or unfair government. The stimulus for the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen of 1789 drew from the Virginia Declaration of Rights. Th e idea behind this declaration was that all freeRead MoreThe Declaration Of Rights Of Women And A Public Speech By Frederick Douglass933 Words   |  4 Pagestowards democracy. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, which was announced in 1789, was arguably the foundations of the human rights and many constitutions in democratic countries like the Britain and America. The concept is based on the â€Å"natural rights† that were established as universal moral standards and it significantly influenced many revolutions, especially the American Revolution. Ironically, the idea of â€Å"natural rights† was not universal as the rights for women and slaves wereRead MoreThe Rights Of The Citizens Of A Country973 Words   |  4 PagesA bill of rights is essentially a list of the most important rights to the citizens of a country. It is also known as a declaration of rights, or in some countries it is a charter of rights. The main purpose is that it cannot be modifie d or repealed by a country’s legislature through normal precedent, thus it protects the rights of man against transgression from public officials and private citizens. All countries with legal and political systems have some sort of legal protection system that protectsRead MoreJohn Locke And The Declaration Of The Rights Of Man1534 Words   |  7 Pages Natural Rights creates a democratic republic government where supreme power rests with the people and allows them to elect representatives to operate their country, therefore upsetting citizens since absolute monarchies rule. Natural Rights spawns uprisings and revolution in countries because people believe it to be their right to have shared power which is evident through multiple documents such as The English Bill of Rights, U.S. Constitution, and The Declaration of the Rights of Man. John Locke’s

Script Analysis of Trifles by Susan Glaspell - 910 Words

Script Analysis of â€Å"Trifles† by Susan Glaspell Summary In the play Trifles by Susan Glaspell, there are five characters, three men and two women. They are in a house where the murder of Mr. Wright took place the day before. The men are trying to find evidence to name a killer or motivation to name Mrs. Wright as the murderer. While the men are downstairs, the women occupy themselves with looking around the kitchen and living room. They take note of Mrs. Wrights canned fruit and the fact that it has busted in the cold weather. The men laugh at them for worrying over trifles. The men go upstairs to look at the murder site and leave the women downstairs. The women find a quilt that Mrs. Wright was making in her famous log†¦show more content†¦She seemed a nervous wreck so they put her in an institution. The play begins when the characters walk through the door the next day to look for evidence of the murder. Initiating Incident The initiating incident could either be the murder of Mr. Wright before the play begins or when the women find the quilt square that is uneven and looks as though it’s been stitched by someone that wasn’t in a good state of mind. Main Conflict The main conflict of the play is the moral dilemma the women encounter. They come to an unspoken agreement that Mrs. Wright did in fact kill her husband. They understand why she did it, though and the main conflict is their inner struggles between doing what is considered â€Å"right† by telling the men, or protecting their fellow woman in her secret. Climax The climax of the story is when the women find the canary with the snapped neck in the sewing box. At that point, they really piece together the puzzle and can see how and why Mrs. Wright killed her husband. Denouncement and Resolution At the end of the play, the women hide the bird, and don’t tell the men of the evidence. They decide that it’s better just to let Mrs. Wright live her life considered an innocent. It almost feels like they think she has hope of a much better future withoutShow MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis of Susan Glaspells Trifles1788 Words   |  7 PagesAn Analysis of Natures in Susan Glaspells Trifles A trifle is something that has little value or importance, and there are many seeming trifles in Susan Glaspells one-act play Trifles. The irony is that these trifles carry more weight and significance than first seems to be the case. Just as Glaspells play ultimately reveals a sympathetic nature in Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale, the evidence that the men investigators fail to observe, because they are blind to the things that have importanceRead MoreSusan Glaspell s Trifles And A Jury Of Her Peers984 Words   |  4 Pages Although â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† and â€Å"Trifles† are similar in plot, Mustazza’s article, â€Å"Generic Translation and Thematic Shift in Susan Glaspell’s ‘Trifles’ and ‘A Jury of Her Peers’† highlights the differences and similarities between the two. Mustazza’s article may help aid readers to understand the differences between Glaspell’s two works and provide understanding as to why Glaspell may have changed the genre and form of the plot. â€Å"Trifles† is a dramatic play whereas â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† is prose

Business Analysis Part I Mcdonald’s Free Essays

Business Analysis Part I – McDonald’s Jason Christenson MGT/521 Instructor: James Anderson University of Phoenix Introduction The purpose of doing this business analysis is to decide whether or not to invest in McDonald’s. It is regarded as one of the leading organizations within the global marketplace. As a result, the preceding discussion will provide a SWOT analysis of some key areas, since the identification of an organization’s strengths etc†¦ acts as a critical core element in identifying its competitive advantage and potential as an investment opportunity. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Analysis Part I Mcdonald’s or any similar topic only for you Order Now Internal and External stakeholders will be identified to help analyze their wants and needs. Strengths McDonalds has established a large and consistent brand. A client can have confidence they can purchase a hamburger and fries in one its locations and across the country receive the same quality of meal at another. It is a leading fast food service based on sales, with a network of over 33,500 restaurants serving burgers and fries in 119 countries to 68 million customers a day. â€Å"Getting To Know Us†, 2012) The company is famous for its commitment to investing in the future of its employees and creating a culture of knowledge, quality service, and cleanliness. â€Å"Since its inception, training at Hamburger University has emphasized consistent restaurant operations procedures, service, quality and cleanliness. It has become the company’s global center of excellence for McDonald’s operations training and leadership development. † (Hamburger University, 2012) Many of McDonald’s top leaders were entry level hire’s that were trained from within and gradually advanced through the ranks. Its family friendly environment with the introduction of large play structures is a major appeal for parent and kids alike. Weaknesses The major weakness facing this company is the continued focus on its health adverse menu. As obesity concerns in the United States continue with emphasis on getting healthier it will influence people to avoid fast foods in general and opt to cook better foods at home. †Americans are heavier than ever before and, according to an advocacy group, by 2030 more than half the people in the vast majority of states will be obese. (Fox News Latino, 2012) McDonald’s has found it difficult in diversifying and expanding its menu, its failure in offering a pizza is the most recent example. Due to its high employee turnover the amount invested in training could be better utilized. McDonald’s employees are largely represented by high school students that eventually move on after graduating to obtain better employment, which identifies McDonaldâ⠂¬â„¢s pay structure as not very competitive to keep employee’s long term. Opportunities Though health concerns identify McDonald’s current menu and offerings as a weakness, it could also be recognized as a great opportunity. McDonald’s as a leader in its industry can dedicate itself to changing the way fast food does business. McDonald’s strives to be responsible in how it responds to the social changes happening within communities. The company continually strives to introduce healthier foods, which have helped add revenues. McDonald’s is recognized as the first in its industry to embrace the initiatives and polices being proposed by the President and upheld by the Supreme Court to help customers make better nutritional choices by requiring restaurants with over 20 locations to list calories on its menu. (Choi, September 12, 2012) McDonald’s move to do this is expected to have its rivals scrambling to do the same. Threats Outside competition will always be an external threat as new food service companies enter the marketplace focusing on more balanced menus. Established companies like Burger King, Taco Bell, and Wendy’s are also constantly striving to introduce new methods of stealing market share away from each other. The economy continues to be a threat to the fast food industry. Though analyst are not saying we are still in a recession, the truth is companies are still reducing overhead and striving to minimizing risk, making jobs difficult to keep and find. As more people are out of work, it continues to cause households to reduce the amount they spend on fast food, deciding instead to stay home and cook. You also cannot discount the effect documentaries and lawsuits are having on the Industry as a whole. External and Internal Stakeholders Dozens of stakeholders could be identified with time, but this analysis will focus on what it considers the key external and internal stakeholders. Externally, the key stakeholders would be the shareholders and customers, because if there needs are not being met they will pull their money and customers will go to different locations. Based on the stock prices steady climb over the last ten years the indication is both of their needs are being met. Internally, McDonald’s Leadership and employees would be the two key stakeholders. These two groups have large interests in the success of the company. Leadership wants to continue and drive quality food at the lowest prices to keep customers loyalties, while employees want the best possible pay and advancement potential. It’s difficult to gauge how well the workforce needs are being met, because the demand for work is so high and their willingness to take the offered pay, instead of being in a position of power to demand higher wages. Conclusion Drive by any McDonald’s and it is easy to see the demand and convenience of their business model is thriving. The SWOT analysis indicates McDonald’s has streamlined and perfected its processes over the years and though the external environmental factors indicate it faces real challenges, its continued appeal shows they are positioned well for the future. The stakeholders continue to show support for the vision and mission McDonald’s has set forth. Reference Getting to Know Us. (2012). Retrieved from http://www. aboutmcdonalds. com/mcd/our_company. html Hamburger University. (2012). Retrieved from http://www. aboutmcdonalds. com/mcd/corporate_careers/training_and_development/ hamburger_university. html Fox News Latino. (September 18, 2012). Obesity in America: Can it Get Much Worse? Yes, Advocacy Group Says  . Retrieved from http://latino. foxnews. com/latino/health/2012/09/18/obesity-in-america-can-it-get-much-worse-yes-advocacy-group-says/#ixzz29UnEJO5I Choi, C. (September 12, 2012). McDonald’s new menu item: Calorie counts. Retrieved from http://www. boston. com/lifestyle/food/2012/09/12/mcdonald-new-menu-item-calorie-counts/mMeWvHuN7WyRHTo9CgA3TM/story. html How to cite Business Analysis Part I Mcdonald’s, Essay examples

Marketing Plan of Five Element Bracelet Oxfam Australia

Question: Describe about the "Oxfam Shop- a subsidiary of Oxfam Australia". Answer: 1. Introduction Oxfam Shop is a subsidiary of Oxfam Australia, a Non-profit organization that believes that poverty and injustice around the world should be eliminated by providing opportunities to the poor to have a stable income. The company sources products from under-developed societies for a fair price and sells then in the Australian market through their online and retail stores. One of the various brands that are a part of the Oxfam shop is Wakami, which comprises of hand made products sourced from rural Guatemala women, providing them a livelihood. Wakami produces bracelets and necklaces that are hand made in Guatemala using ancestral artisan techniques. The brand has come up with a new product called the Five Element Bracelet. The Five Element Bracelet is a stunningly unique bracelet that is made up of 5 strings of beaded Poly threads. Each thread consists of a distinct colored beads, with each color representing the five elements of the earth. A bright green represents the Earth, a subtle blue represents Water, a blazing red represents Fire, a pearly white represents Air and a deep purple represent Aether. These five elements is a reminder of the bountiful nature provided to us and symbolizes the multiple emotions within a human. The below report is a marketing plan developed to launch the Five Element Bracelet for Oxfam Shop. A detailed environmental analysis is done 2. Environmental Analysis Before developing a marketing plan for a product, it is crucial to understand the environment in which the product would be sold. An understanding of the various factors that influence the marketing of a product helps in designing an efficient marketing plan (Mullins, 2012). 2.1 Competitive forces The competition in online retail stores especially in the jewelry segment is very strong. It is common to see most of the fashion brands promoting jewelry of one kind or the other. Most of the competitors have a well-established brand image and most of the jewelry sold by them is manufactured or machine produced (Solomon, 2014). The key advantage of the products sold by Oxfam shop is the objective the company would like to achieve. Also, the products themselves are hand-made and have a very earthly appearance. The product Five Element bracelets though look similar are not completely interchangeable as each of it is hand-made and hence, would have a unique appearance. There are very few jewelry selling companies that believe in fair trade rather than profits and this makes products of Oxfam stand out, as every product bought is for a good cause. 2.2 Economic Forces The price of advertising has become relatively cheaper after the advent of internet. Also, the modes through which advertising can be done have exponentially increased (Chung, 2015). Hence, economic forces are favorable to marketing strategies as long as the methods used are restricted to the internet. In case of broadcasting and publishing the money involved is huge and hence, marketing in these forms is usually limited (Alon, 2013). 2.3 Political Forces Oxfam shop sources products from various parts of the world. The current product is from Guatemalan. The products have to have clearance from customs to be exported and imported and several other factors such as taxes and customs policies play a key role in sourcing the products (Johnson, 2013). All the above are highly dependent on the political forces in each of the country and the attitude and objectives of the respective governments determine if sourcing could continue. However, since Oxfam works with an objective to improve the quality of life of the backward communities, it is unlikely that any political changes that have a negative impact on the business would be made (Felzensztein, 2014). 2.4 Sociocultural forces The social mindset of the customers plays a key role in sales of the product and the marketing strategy to be adopted to sell the product (Mooradian, 2013). In todays society lot of people are ready spend money to help the backward communities rather than spend time due to the work culture. This attitude of customers is an advantage in the current market as each product sold influence lives of people who produced it. Each customer needs to be informed what good they have done by buying a product from Oxfam shop to increase the customer base. 2.5 Technology The technology involved in the marketing of Oxfam is relatively simple as the company uses the well-established e-commerce platform for sales and simple internet advertising for marketing. Unlike, several software companies, Technological influence is pretty basic on Oxfam, as the products are hand-made. 3. Marketing Objectives and Goals The marketing objective of Oxfam for the Five Element Bracelet are as follows: Introduce the Five Element Bracelet to the current market in an effective manner Use innovative and economic marketing strategies, especially the internet to attract the huge base of online customers (Ritter, 2016) Increase the customer base of the product by 10 % by the end of the financial year Build brand awareness amongst the customers through informative marketing strategies to connect to the customers at an emotional level. Provide customers information on the suppliers and help customers understand how they can be a part of a fair trade movement 4. Marketing Mix 4.1 Product A product needs to fulfill the need of a customer. The product Five Element Bracelet is a tangible product that can be used by every customer as a fashion statement. It is necessary to consider the brand image, resources available and the motive of the company for producing a particular product (Pels, 2013). The Five Element bracelet is unique as it is hand-made using the ancestral artisan techniques of the Guatemalan suppliers. The product comes as a combination of five attractive colors sewn together with poly threads and is very beautiful. Since the product symbolizes the elements of nature, it is gender neutral and can be worn by men and women alike. However, being a fashion product, the female customer base in much higher than other customer bases. Being hand-made the product has an exclusive and antique look and goes well almost all costumes setting a signature style. The product is neither too big nor too small. It two finger width and hence is sleek and stylish with eye-catch y colors. The product indirectly fulfills the need of a customer to be a better person by contributing to the society in one way or the other (Fitzgerald, 2014). This is an intangible feature of the product. Since the product is made by the economically backward sectors and making this product is their source of income, a customer who buys the product automatically contributes to their income. 4.2 Price Price in the simplest terms is the amount a customer pays for a product. Price is a key factor in determining the profit and organization would make as it plays an important role in influencing the customers wish to buy the product. Ideally, pricing of a product has to be optimal. It should not be too high, as the customer base ready to invest high amounts for simple jewelry products is low. On the other hand, the price should not be too low, that it effects the operation of the organization and the income generated by the suppliers. Oxfam being a non-profit organization, intends in putting its profit margin as low as possible. They make sure that the price is enough to generate a sustainable income to the supplier and cover the sales and marketing costs. Understanding the customer perceived value of a product can help in pricing a product. Also, a detailed explanation of the product will help the customer understand if the product is worth their money. Hence, the description given to each of the product justifies the price. To increase sales, a discounted introductory price would be beneficial (Motohashi, 2015). 4.3 Promotion Promotion of a product is the communication adopted by the company to pass information in any form regarding the product. Promotional activities such as advertising, public relations, sales promotions, etc., are adopted by organizations to gain customers and improve sales. Promotion usually has a direct impact on the sales of a product (Christopher, 2013). Since the Five Element Bracelet is a piece of jewelry that chances of a customer buying multiple pieces for themselves is low. So in this case aggressive promotion has to be made to make sure that a huge customer base can be approached. The information used to promote the product plays a crucial role. All the key factors such as the background of the suppliers, the uniqueness of the product, the aim of the company and the contribution of the customer needs to be mentioned when trying to promote a product to gain a surge in sales. 4.4 Place Place or distribution is the location in which the product is sold. The Five Element Bracelet is available online, providing services in major parts of Australia including A.C.T, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia. The company also has retail stores. 5. Potential issues Supply may not meet demand. Since the product is hand-made the time taken to produce each piece is significantly higher than that of a machine made product. Also, the product has to be sourced from another country which increases the shipping time in case of low stock (Gorton, 2013). 6. Marketing Strategy 6.1 Target Market: Online Customers Two different marketing strategies can be adapted for online customers. 1. Ads on YouTube: A simple 20 second ad explaining the origin of the product, use of the product and how the customer can contribute to the society through the product is to be created. The same is used to advertise over YouTube, specifically on videos related to society development, poverty and other videos that have a huge female followers 2. Social networking sites: Ads can be published on the social networking sites, with simple 100 word explanation and an attractive image of the product (Chaffey, 2012). 6.2 General Public An interesting hoardings of the bracelet with the statement Would you contribute? should be developed and places around key locations to make the customers curious. A link or a scan code can be given to help the customer research more. The same picture with scan code can be used as 5 second ad on Television and a free bracelet can be given away for all the customers who can scan the code in the 5 second ad. Later informative hoarding and videos can be used for advertising. On the website an introductory discount price can be offered for the first month (Ferrell, 2012). 6.3 Corporate Tie Ups Every company has a corporate social responsibility. So tie ups with corporates for the sales of products is beneficial. The companies can give away the product as a part pf gifts and recognition hampers they provide to the employees or as a token of remembrance to the clients. Giving away informative brochures to the employees can also boost sales. 7. Marketing Plan A timeline of the entire marketing plan that would last for 3 months is explained through a Gantt chart. Figure 1: Gantt chart explaining the various timelines of implementing marketing Strategy 8. Conclusion To develop an effective market plan, it is important to understand the environment, marketing objective, and the 4Ps of the marketing mix. On analysis of all these factors a efficient marketing plan can be developed that achieves the marketing objectives through marketing strategies. 9. References Mullins, J., Walker, O.C. and Boyd Jr, H.W., 2012. Marketing management: A strategic decision-making approach. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Solomon, M.R., 2014. Consumer behavior: buying, having, and being. Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Green, K.W., Whitten, D. and Inman, R.A., 2012. Aligning marketing strategies throughout the supply chain to enhance performance. Industrial Marketing Management, 41(6), pp.1008-1018. Chung, T.L., 2015. Research on the brand marketing strategies of convenience stores: a consumers view in Taipei and Shanghai. Alon, I., Jaffe, E. and Vianelli, D., 2013. Global marketing: contemporary theory, practice, and cases. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, c2013. xxi, 602 pages: illustrations, maps; 26 cm... Johnson, J.S. and Sohi, R.S., 2013, March. THE IMPLEMENTATION OF NEW MARKETING STRATEGIES BY BUSINESS-TO-BUSINESS SALESPEOPLE: THE CONSTRAINING FACTOR MODEL. In ROBERT MITTELSTAEDT DOCTORAL SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS (p. 1). Felzensztein, C., Stringer, C., Benson-Rea, M. and Freeman, S., 2014. International marketing strategies in industrial clusters: Insights from the Southern Hemisphere. Journal of Business Research, 67(5), pp.837-846. Mooradian, T., Matzler, K. and Ring, L., 2013. Strategic Marketing: Pearson New International Edition. Pearson Higher Ed. Ritter, J., 2016. Marketing strategy in the 21st century, a review and assessment of strategies and procedures for success and implementation. The Business Management Review, 7(3), p.68. Pels, J. and Saren, M., 2013. The 4Ps of Relational Marketing, Perspectives, Perceptions. The Future of Relationship Marketing, p.59. Fitzgerald, J., Neal Cavanaugh, R.B. and Borden, N., 2014. CPR for the 4Ps Breathing New Life into the Marketing Mix. In International Academy of Business and Economics Conference. Motohashi, K., 2015. Marketing Theory in Global Business Context. In Global Business Strategy (pp. 137-154). Springer Japan. Christopher, M., Payne, A. and Ballantyne, D., 2013. Relationship marketing. Taylor Francis. Gorton, G.B. and Ordonez, G., 2013. The supply and demand for safe assets (No. w18732). National Bureau of Economic Research. Chaffey, D. and Ellis-Chadwick, F., 2012. Digital marketing: strategy, implementation and practice. Pearson. Ferrell, O.C. and Hartline, M., 2012. Marketing strategy, text and cases. Nelson Educat.